CAKK2

Tuesday, January 11, 2011

伤胃的十个不良生活习惯你有几个？

俗话说“十胃九病”，这提醒人们：作为人体重要的消化器官，胃是很容易得病的，必须小心呵护。然而事实上，胃的健康却被严重忽视，不但一些老年患者往往只在感到胃痛时才吃点药，而且更有不少年轻人正在无意间成为老胃病患者的“接班人”。

　　一、怕“不守时”
　　“废寝忘食”似乎成了不少上班族的习惯，然而就是无意间的饥一顿、饱一顿，会慢慢侵蚀胃的健康。近年来，功能性消化不良、胃炎、胃溃疡的发病率在工作忙碌的白领人群中正日趋升高。
　　胃是一个严格遵守“时间表”的器官，胃液的分泌在一天中存在生理性的高峰和低谷，以便于及时消化食物。胃酸和胃蛋白酶如果没有食物中和，就会消化胃黏膜本身，对胃黏膜造成损害。

　　二、怕晚餐过饱
　　早饭遗忘在匆忙间、午饭简单对付、晚上“大吃大喝”、睡前来点夜宵，健康的消化系统往往就会在这样的饮食习惯中被破坏。唐志鹏主任指出，以人体每天摄入的热量计算，最恰当的比例应当是早餐占三成，午餐占四成，晚餐为三成。
　　晚饭过饱或临睡前吃夜宵，不仅会影响睡眠、导致肥胖，还会迫使胃肠道处在超负荷的“紧张工作”中，胃液分泌过量会腐蚀胃黏膜，长期如此，就会导致糜烂、溃疡等疾病。

　　三、怕饮食不洁
　　盛夏时节，各种致病性细菌的繁殖速度很快，食物容易腐烂变质。如果吃了不清洁或不新鲜的食物，就很容易引起急性胃炎，出现胃痛、胃胀和呕吐等症状。
　　幽门螺杆菌是许多慢性胃病发生、发展中的一种重要致病因子，大多是由于饮食不洁、相互传染所致。幽门螺杆菌会寄生在胃及十二指肠的黏膜中，使黏膜发炎，引发胃病。患者的口腔和唾液中也存在这种细菌，因此分餐制可以降低感染幽门螺杆菌的几率。尤其是家中有人患上胃溃疡和胃炎时，分餐制就显得更为重要。

　　四、怕狼吞虎咽
　　食物进入胃后，需要经过贮纳、研磨、消化，将食物变成乳糜状后，才到达肠道。养成细嚼慢咽的好习惯，能增加唾液的分泌，有利于食物被更好地消化吸收。如果咀嚼不细、狼吞虎咽，粗糙的食物就会直接磨损胃黏膜，并增加胃的负担，使食物在胃内的停留时间延长，从而造成胃部肌肉疲劳、胃动力下降。

　　五、怕受寒
　　胃是一个对外界气候和温度很敏感的器官，人体受到冷空气刺激后，胃部容易发生痉挛性收缩，从而引发胃痛、消化不良、呕吐、腹泻等症状。
　　一般人都会在秋冬季节注意防寒保暖，殊不知在夏天，贪吃冷饮、凉性的瓜果或长时间处在空调环境中，也会使胃部受寒，从而影响胃肠道功能。

　　六、怕过度疲劳
　　无论是从事体力劳动还是脑力劳动，长期超负荷的工作都会导致疲劳过度，这不但会使机体的抵抗力下降，而且会使胃黏膜的防御作用削弱。容易引起胃部供血不足，使分泌功能失调，而胃酸过多、黏液减少就会使胃黏膜受到损害。

　　七、怕精神紧张
　　不少胃病的发生与发展，都与人的情绪和心态密切相关。当一个人处在紧张、烦恼或愤怒时，这些不良情绪就会影响胃的分泌、运动、消化等功能。因此，长期抑郁、焦虑或遭到精神创伤的病人，容易患胃溃疡。

　　八、怕酗酒无度
　　每天喝少量的红酒有利于身体健康。但如果酗酒无度，酒精不但会损伤肝脏、导致皮肤脱水、杀死脑细胞，还会直接损害胃黏膜，使胃黏膜出现炎症、糜烂、溃疡或出血。此外，饮酒还会延缓胃溃疡的愈合过程。因此，胃病患者尤其不可酗酒。

　　九、怕嗜烟成癖
　　烟草不但会伤害人体的呼吸系统，而且对胃的损伤也不可小视。吸烟过多的人往往更容易患上胃炎。这是因为，烟草中的尼古丁会从以下几个方面伤害胃黏膜：促进血管收缩，使胃黏膜的血液供应减少;抑制前列腺素的合成，而前列腺素是一种对胃黏膜有修复作用的保护因子;干扰胃的排空功能，容易造成胆汁反流到胃里，而胆汁中的胆盐等成分对胃黏膜有很强的损伤作用;促进胃酸和胃蛋白酶的分泌，直接腐蚀胃黏膜。

　　十、怕滥用药物
　　许多药物都会损伤胃黏膜。例如保泰松、消炎痛、布洛芬、阿司匹林等非甾体抗炎药物，会通过抑制对胃黏膜有保护作用的前列腺素的合成起到止痛的作用。还有皮质类固醇等激素类药物，也常常会导致胃炎、溃疡或胃穿孔的发生。因此，服用这些药物应当遵循医嘱，最好在饭后服用，或者同时服用如硫糖铝等胃黏膜保护剂。

Thursday, December 30, 2010

白糖危害您健康的多种因素

撰稿人： Nancy Appleton, PhD
Lick The Sugar Habit – 书之作者
Source: http://www.ecosopp.com/pdf/Announcement-Sugar_CN.pdf

除了会导致人体失去平衡外，过量的糖分可能会引发其它严重的后果。以下所列出的是一些从各种医学期刊和其它科学刊物摘下有关由糖所变化成的不良影响。

1. 糖会压制您的免疫系统，削弱您防御传染病的抵抗
力。1,2
2. 糖扰乱您身体系统里的矿物质平衡：造成铬和铜的缺乏，并干扰钙和镁的吸
收。3,4,5,6
3. 糖可导致儿童的肾上腺素迅速上升、好动症、焦虑、注意力难以集中和急躁
症。7,8
4. 糖能够显著提升总胆固醇量、甘油三酯及坏胆固醇，并降低好的胆固醇水
平。9,10,11,12
5. 糖会造成人体组织失去弹性和功能。13
6. 糖能喂养癌细胞及与许多癌症有关联，如乳癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、直肠
癌、胰腺癌、胆管癌、肺癌、胆囊癌和胃癌。14,15,16,17,18,19,20
7. 糖会增加空腹血糖水平，并可能会导致低血糖反应。21,22
8. 糖使视力衰退。23
9. 糖会导致许多胃肠道的问题，其中包括：呈酸性的消化道、消化不良、吸收
不良等肠道疾病、增加罹患克罗恩病(Crohn＇s disease)和溃疡性结肠炎。24,25,26,27,28
10. 糖可导致早衰。29
11. 糖可导致酒精中毒。30
12. 糖可使您的唾液变成酸性、引发蛀牙和牙周病。31,32,33
13. 糖会造成过胖。34
14. 糖可引起自体免疫性疾病，如：关节炎、哮喘、多发性硬化症。35,36,37
15. 糖可极力促使白色念珠菌无节制地增长（酵母菌感染）。38
16. 糖可导致胆囊结石。39
17. 糖可引起阑尾炎。40
18. 糖可引起痔疮。41
19. 糖可导致静脉曲张。42
20. 糖可提高口服避孕药者对血糖和胰岛素反应。43
21. 糖可造成骨质疏松症。44
22. 糖可导致您对胰岛素的敏感性降低，从而导致胰岛素水平异常提高，并最终
引发糖尿病。45,46,47
23. 糖会降低您的维生素E 水平。48
24. 糖可增加您的血压的收缩压值。49
25. 糖可引致昏睡及降低儿童的活动率。50
26. 高糖量摄取会提高高度糖基化终产物 (AGE)（一种糖分子聚合物，会破坏人
体内的蛋白质）。51
27. 糖可干扰您的蛋白质吸收。52
28. 糖会导致食物过敏。53
29. 糖会导致妊娠毒血症。54
30. 糖会增加儿童罹患湿疹的风险。55
31. 糖可导致动脉粥样硬化症和心血管疾病。56,57
32. 糖可损害DNA 的结构。58
33. 糖会影响蛋白质的结构，并永久性地改变蛋白质在您体内所产生的功效。59,60
34. 糖可使您的皮肤胶原结构产生变化、导致肌肤老化。61
35. 糖可导致白内障和近视。62,63
36. 糖可引起肺气肿。64
37. 高糖量摄取会破坏许多身体系统的平衡。65
38. 糖会降低酵素的反应能力。66
39. 帕金森氏症病患的糖分摄取量比一般人高。67
40. 糖可增加肝细胞分裂而使肝脏变大，同时增加肝脏的脂肪量。68,69
41. 糖会增加肾脏的尺寸和造成肾脏病理学上的改变，如形成肾结石。70,71
42. 糖会损害您的胰腺。72
43. 糖会增加您体液的滞留。73
44. 糖是您肠胃蠕动的头号敌人。74
45. 糖会危及您的毛细血管.75
46. 糖会使您的的肌腱更脆弱。76
47. 糖会造成头痛，包括偏头痛。77
48. 糖会降低学习能力，影响孩童的成绩，而且会造成学习障碍。78,79
49. 糖会增加δ (Delta)、α (Alpha)及θ (Theta)的脑电波，并改变您的思考能
力。80
50. 糖会造成忧郁症。81
51. 糖会增加您罹患痛风的风险。82
52. 糖会增加您罹患阿尔茨海默氏病的风险。83
53. 糖会导致荷尔蒙失衡，如：提高男性的雌激素含量、加剧经前期综合症，并
减少生长激素。84,85,86,87
54. 糖可导致头晕。88
55. 高糖分摄取量会增加自由基与氧化应激。89
56. 高糖饮食会显著增加血小板粘附性及周边血管疾病。90
57. 怀孕间摄取高糖分会导致怀孕期缩短和产下体型过小的婴儿(SGA)之双重风
险。91,92
58. 糖是一种会令人上瘾的物质。93
59. 糖像酒精一样会令人感到兴奋。94
60. 给早产儿食用糖可影响他们的二氧化碳制造量。95
61. 减少食糖摄入量可提高情绪稳定度。96
62. 糖在您的血液中变化成脂肪的指数是淀粉的2 至5 倍。97
63. 糖会在肥胖者的体内快速被吸收，导致他们摄取过量的食物。98
64. 糖会进一步使注意力不足过动症(ADHD)的儿童的症状恶化。99
65. 糖不利于尿液电解质的组成。100
66. 糖会减慢您的肾上腺功能。101
67. 糖在正常健康的个体中具有能导致不正常代谢过程的潜能，并会促进慢性退
化疾病。102
68. 由静脉喂养的糖水会阻断脑部的氧气。103
69. 糖会增加罹患脊髓灰质炎的风险。104
70. 高糖分摄取量可引起癫痫症发作。105
71. 高糖造成肥胖者血压提高。106
72. 在重症监护病房：减少糖分摄取量可拯救生命。107
73. 糖可诱导细胞死亡。108
74. 在少年康复营地中，当提供孩子们低糖的饮食，反社会行为可下降44%。
75. 糖使新生儿脱水。110
76. 糖会导致牙龈疾病。111

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