Thursday, December 30, 2010

白糖危害您健康的多种因素

撰稿人: Nancy Appleton, PhD
Lick The Sugar Habit – 书之作者
Source: http://www.ecosopp.com/pdf/Announcement-Sugar_CN.pdf


除了会导致人体失去平衡外,过量的糖分可能会引发其它严重的后果。以下所列出的是一些从各种医学期刊和其它科学刊物摘下有关由糖所变化成的不良影响。

1. 糖会压制您的免疫系统,削弱您防御传染病的抵抗
力。1,2
2. 糖扰乱您身体系统里的矿物质平衡:造成铬和铜的缺乏,并干扰钙和镁的吸
收。3,4,5,6
3. 糖可导致儿童的肾上腺素迅速上升、好动症、焦虑、注意力难以集中和急躁
症。7,8
4. 糖能够显著提升总胆固醇量、甘油三酯及坏胆固醇,并降低好的胆固醇水
平。9,10,11,12
5. 糖会造成人体组织失去弹性和功能。13
6. 糖能喂养癌细胞及与许多癌症有关联,如乳癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、直肠
癌、胰腺癌、胆管癌、肺癌、胆囊癌和胃癌。14,15,16,17,18,19,20
7. 糖会增加空腹血糖水平,并可能会导致低血糖反应。21,22
8. 糖使视力衰退。23
9. 糖会导致许多胃肠道的问题,其中包括:呈酸性的消化道、消化不良、吸收
不良等肠道疾病、增加罹患克罗恩病(Crohn's disease)和溃疡性结肠炎。24,25,26,27,28
10. 糖可导致早衰。29
11. 糖可导致酒精中毒。30
12. 糖可使您的唾液变成酸性、引发蛀牙和牙周病。31,32,33
13. 糖会造成过胖。34
14. 糖可引起自体免疫性疾病,如:关节炎、哮喘、多发性硬化症。35,36,37
15. 糖可极力促使白色念珠菌无节制地增长(酵母菌感染)。38
16. 糖可导致胆囊结石。39
17. 糖可引起阑尾炎。40
18. 糖可引起痔疮。41
19. 糖可导致静脉曲张。42
20. 糖可提高口服避孕药者对血糖和胰岛素反应。43
21. 糖可造成骨质疏松症。44
22. 糖可导致您对胰岛素的敏感性降低,从而导致胰岛素水平异常提高,并最终
引发糖尿病。45,46,47
23. 糖会降低您的维生素E 水平。48
24. 糖可增加您的血压的收缩压值。49
25. 糖可引致昏睡及降低儿童的活动率。50
26. 高糖量摄取会提高高度糖基化终产物 (AGE)(一种糖分子聚合物,会破坏人
体内的蛋白质)。51
27. 糖可干扰您的蛋白质吸收。52
28. 糖会导致食物过敏。53
29. 糖会导致妊娠毒血症。54
30. 糖会增加儿童罹患湿疹的风险。55
31. 糖可导致动脉粥样硬化症和心血管疾病。56,57
32. 糖可损害DNA 的结构。58
33. 糖会影响蛋白质的结构,并永久性地改变蛋白质在您体内所产生的功效。59,60
34. 糖可使您的皮肤胶原结构产生变化、导致肌肤老化。61
35. 糖可导致白内障和近视。62,63
36. 糖可引起肺气肿。64
37. 高糖量摄取会破坏许多身体系统的平衡。65
38. 糖会降低酵素的反应能力。66
39. 帕金森氏症病患的糖分摄取量比一般人高。67
40. 糖可增加肝细胞分裂而使肝脏变大,同时增加肝脏的脂肪量。68,69
41. 糖会增加肾脏的尺寸和造成肾脏病理学上的改变,如形成肾结石。70,71
42. 糖会损害您的胰腺。72
43. 糖会增加您体液的滞留。73
44. 糖是您肠胃蠕动的头号敌人。74
45. 糖会危及您的毛细血管.75
46. 糖会使您的的肌腱更脆弱。76
47. 糖会造成头痛,包括偏头痛。77
48. 糖会降低学习能力,影响孩童的成绩,而且会造成学习障碍。78,79
49. 糖会增加δ (Delta)、α (Alpha)及θ (Theta)的脑电波,并改变您的思考能
力。80
50. 糖会造成忧郁症。81
51. 糖会增加您罹患痛风的风险。82
52. 糖会增加您罹患阿尔茨海默氏病的风险。83
53. 糖会导致荷尔蒙失衡,如:提高男性的雌激素含量、加剧经前期综合症,并
减少生长激素。84,85,86,87
54. 糖可导致头晕。88
55. 高糖分摄取量会增加自由基与氧化应激。89
56. 高糖饮食会显著增加血小板粘附性及周边血管疾病。90
57. 怀孕间摄取高糖分会导致怀孕期缩短和产下体型过小的婴儿(SGA)之双重风
险。91,92
58. 糖是一种会令人上瘾的物质。93
59. 糖像酒精一样会令人感到兴奋。94
60. 给早产儿食用糖可影响他们的二氧化碳制造量。95
61. 减少食糖摄入量可提高情绪稳定度。96
62. 糖在您的血液中变化成脂肪的指数是淀粉的2 至5 倍。97
63. 糖会在肥胖者的体内快速被吸收,导致他们摄取过量的食物。98
64. 糖会进一步使注意力不足过动症(ADHD)的儿童的症状恶化。99
65. 糖不利于尿液电解质的组成。100
66. 糖会减慢您的肾上腺功能。101
67. 糖在正常健康的个体中具有能导致不正常代谢过程的潜能,并会促进慢性退
化疾病。102
68. 由静脉喂养的糖水会阻断脑部的氧气。103
69. 糖会增加罹患脊髓灰质炎的风险。104
70. 高糖分摄取量可引起癫痫症发作。105
71. 高糖造成肥胖者血压提高。106
72. 在重症监护病房:减少糖分摄取量可拯救生命。107
73. 糖可诱导细胞死亡。108
74. 在少年康复营地中,当提供孩子们低糖的饮食,反社会行为可下降44%。
75. 糖使新生儿脱水。110
76. 糖会导致牙龈疾病。111

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110. Gluconeogenesis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition. Diabetes. 1999 Apr;48(4):791-800.
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1988;32(2):53-5.

Sugar (槟消协:威胁健康‧三合一饮料含糖太高)


  • 莫哈末依里斯:攝取過量的糖將危害身體健康,而三合一飲料中含大量人體不需要的“額外”糖分,因此還是少喝為妙。(圖:星洲日報)
(槟城29日讯)槟城消费人协会提醒消费人,尽管三合一饮料即便宜又方便,然而却“暗藏健康杀机”,因为它们的含糖量太高,会对健康带来极大威胁!
槟城消费人协会主席莫哈末依里斯说,三合一饮料,如咖啡、茶、巧克力、麦芽、混合谷类等添加乳剂和大量糖份,有些三合一饮料的含糖量高达4.4茶匙或80卡热量。
他说,市面上出现不同牌子的二合一、三合一,甚至五合一的饮料,每包的含糖量从1茶匙(18卡热量)至4.4茶匙(79卡热量)。
他说,根据世界卫生组织表示,人们摄取的糖量不可以超过每天所摄取热量的10%,譬如大马国民因为生活方式比较不活跃,每个成人每天只需要1千500卡热量。
“这也意味着,大马人从糖分中摄取的能量只需要150卡,等于8茶匙糖。”
他今日在新闻发布会上说,有人误以为喝下三合一饮料后会“精力涌现”,但是这只是一个假象,更是一种安慰剂效应而已。
他说,其实大家可以从食物中摄取所需要的能量,只要饮食均衡,适量地吃各种各类的食物,就足以提供一个人每天所需的热量,根本就不需要从三合一饮料中摄取“额外”的糖份。
摄取糖份冠东南亚大马人日吃24茶匙糖
莫哈末依里斯说,根据报导,在东南亚国家中,大马人民摄取的糖份是最高的,从1970年代平均每人每天吃下约17茶匙的糖,1980年代约21茶匙,目前增加到一天吃下24茶匙糖。
“大马人民每天吃24茶匙的糖,等于正餐之外再摄入432卡热量,比世界卫生组织的摄糖量建议超出近300%。再喝一包含80卡热量的三合一巧克力饮料,再摄入相等于512卡热量的糖,已超过世界卫生组织的建议约340%。”
他强调,糖是癌细胞的食物,而且和超过60种的疾病有关,包括无法医治的糖尿病、痴肥症、心血管疾病等。 他说,大马的糖尿病患者在亚洲排名第四,大家必须停止喝三合一饮料作为应响健康生活的起点。
他建议公众以椰水、豆浆及果汁来取代三合一饮料,少喝加工的饮料。
星洲日報‧2010.09.29








Source: http://consumer.org.my/home/InfoSlides/269-sugar-health-risks

人生30 补钙黄金期

来源:光华日报

二零一零年十二月二十七日 上午十一时十五分

报道:陈晓云
摄影:董昆明

为免患上骨质疏松症,许多人贪图方便或有偏食习惯而纷纷服用钙片摄取充足的钙质。然而,骨科专科医生孙福财指出,真正了解正确补充钙质的方法的人并不多,有些人大量服用了钙片后,骨质密度依然稀松之余还惹来肾结石,有些则因此影响心脏操作而险些丢命,而这一点往往被人所忽略了。在这一期的《求医》,大家可了解正确补充的方法、各种钙片的性质、协助身体吸收钙质的方式。

骨科专科医生孙福财指出,根据营养学家的分析,青年男子每天应摄取500毫克左右的钙质,女子约400毫克。平日大家应该多些从食物中摄取钙质,如有不足,如偏食者,始建议补充钙片满足人体需求。

“人体对钙的单次吸收量不超过500毫克,如果一天需要服600毫克的钙片,建议分开早晚各服300毫克。服用钙片后,请记得不可食用高含量的植物纤维和铁质食物,避免影响钙质的吸收。”

他指出,已有研究证明,人类在30岁左右补充钙质,才能使到骨骼里的钙质数量(简称骨钙)达到最高值,换言之,人生30可说是补钙的黄金时期。过后,男女性分别在约32岁和28岁以后,开始面对骨钙数量每年以0.1-0.5%的速度流失。

换言之,到了60多岁,约有50%的骨钙流失。所以,我们在30岁左右时为身体储存的最高骨钙含量,可以决定往后残余的骨钙量,存得越多,就越迟面对骨质大量流失,反之亦然。

晒太阳的诀窍

“然而,单是服用钙片是不足够的,需要维生素D的帮助才能促进身体吸收钙质,而接触阳光可以帮助身体制造维生素D。根据研究显示,1平方厘米皮肤暴露在阳光底下3小时,可产生约20 IU(国际单位)的维生素D,而研究亦表明每人每天须接触20-30分钟的阳光,始能制造足够身体所需的维生素D。”

他说,一天中,只有两个时段最适合作日光浴,第一段是早上6时至10时,这期间的红外线强度充足,紫外线偏低,使人感到温暖柔和,可起活化瘀血的作用。第二段是下午4时至5时,此时紫外线中的阿尔法光束( alpha ray,符号是α)的强度饱满,可促进肠里的钙和磷被吸收。

最不适合晒太阳的时间是早上10点至下午4点之间,尤其是中午12时至下午4时最为可怕。“在这时段里,紫外线中的伽马光束( gamma ray,符号是γ)和贝他光束( beta ray,符号是β)占上风,而这两种光束是对皮肤有害。”

此外,晒太阳时,他建议穿红色或白色的衣服,以后者为最佳,因为可除掉杀伤力很强的短波紫外线。黑色则是忌穿的颜色,因为它会吸收这短波紫外线。

认识钙片的种类

骨科专科医生孙福财指出,市场上的钙片种类繁多,常见的是柠檬酸钙、碳酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙以及附有含维他命D的钙片。

柠檬酸钙(calcium citrate)容易在酸性液体中溶化,因此,我们可在任何时候服用,既使是空腹。惟,与其他种类的钙片相较之下,它含有较少的钙元素(即21%),必须服用较多片,而且价格昂贵,再加上胃酸者不适合服用,所以仅有一部份人服用。

“普遍认可的钙片种类是碳酸钙(calcium carbonate),亦受国际认同。这种钙片需要较多的胃酸来溶化,最好在饭后服用。优点是它含有较多的钙元素,即39%,只需服用少量即可满足身体所需,而且,价钱也较便宜。美中不足的是此钙片的体积较大,很多人无法吞咽进而放弃,此外,胃酸太少者也不适合服用,因为耗费大量胃酸,有时会引起恶心不适等不良反应。”

至于葡萄糖酸钙(calcium gluconate)、乳酸钙(calcium lactate)以及磷酸钙(calcium phosphate),仅含有少量的钙元素,需大量服用,因此,多数医生不推荐使用。

另一方面,由于维他命D可协助肠胃吸收钙质,因此,平时少有机会从阳光摄取维他命D者,他建议可服用含维他命D的钙片,介于200至400u国际单元的维他命D已符合日常身体对维他命D的需求量。“总的来说,选择钙片时,应考虑到钙元素的含量、服用者本身的胃酸情况、饮食习惯和价钱,因此何谓最佳选择是因人而异。”

各年龄层每天适宜摄取的钙含量建议
0-6个月210mg
7-12月 270mg
1-3岁 500mg
4-8岁 800mg
9-18岁 1300mg
19-50岁 1000mg
50岁以上 1200mg
妊娠期  1500mg
* 每日最高许可摄取量不可超过2500mg

含钙量丰富的食物来源
奶类:全脂、低脂、脱脂奶、羊奶、优酪乳、干酪、起司
蛋类:蛋黄
豆类:豆干条、豆皮、豆干、豆腐、红豆、黑豆、黄豆
鱼类:小鱼干、条子鱼、沙丁鱼、虾米
五谷类:胚牙米、米糠、全麦面包、馒头
种子类:黑芝麻、白芝麻、杏仁、枸杞、橄榄、红枣、黑枣、葡萄干、干莲子
蔬菜类:金针、木耳、九层塔、苋菜、芥蓝菜、蕃薯菜、香菇、高丽菜干、雪里红
海菜类:紫菜、海带、发菜
* 肉类、水果类所含钙质相当少,油脂类则不含任何钙质。

相关照片



■ 单是服用钙片是不足够的,需要维生素D的帮助才能促进身体吸收钙质,而接触阳光可以帮助身体制造维生素D。


■ 骨科专科医生孙福财指出,30岁左右时我们为身体储存的最高骨钙含量,可以决定往后残余的骨钙量,存得越多,就越迟面对骨质大量流失,反之亦然。